With the attack of Germany against the Soviet Union, the International, which was now reduced to being a branch of the "Foreign Ministry" of the USSR, immediately changed its position on the war, from concept "war of imperialism" to the "anti-fascist war." The communist parties, were, according to the new strategy, put parte le velleità rivoluzionarie e rilanciare politiche di larga convergenza con le altre forze antifasciste. Non fu lo schiacciamento sulle posizioni dell’Urss, che in fondo è sempre esistito, ma la nuova esigenza di non mettersi contro le potenze capitalistiche che erano alleate nella guerra che portò allo scioglimento dell’Internazionale nel 1943[1]. In realtà le cose, nel mondo comunista, non cambiarono di molto in quanto l’Urss mantenne l’indiscussa supremazia su tutto il movimento.
In Italia dal 1941 il Pci, anche grazie all’importante lavoro di Umberto Massola, cominciò a riorganizzare la rete clandestina e a fare sentire la propria voce, anche attraverso la diffusione di un bollettino, the "Book of the worker, through which were spread the official positions of the party, dictated directly from Togliatti by Radio Moscow. At the same time resumed force many small groups, often with independent political line, they continued their fight from inside to Fascism.
On July 25, 1943, Mussolini was forced to resign after being finished in the minority in the "Great Council of Fascism" and sudden end of the Fascist government, with greater room for maneuver and the subsequent release from prison the leaders of the Communist Party gave sap greater organization of the Communists. The line carried on the PCI, driven mainly by base during those months was quite radical and "also asked the head" of the Monarchy, this position was further strengthened from 8 September and the flight of the King
The weight of the PCI in Italy had become very important because the war in northern Italy with the Germans and the Fascists of the Republic of Salò was still to be fought and autumn of 1943, communist militants were the main part of the underground groups of the Resistance, organized in the Garibaldi Brigade "of the mountains and in the" Gap "and" Sap " in cities. In addition to the armed struggle, the Communist Party continued his political work in the organization of workers and promoting continuing strikes and unrest, especially in the early months of 1944. The Badoglio government declared war against Germany placed the Communist Party before a crossroads: continue in the line, the request from the base, contrasting front Badoglio and the Monarchy or taking the responsibility of government.
Togliatti in March 1944, after having a meeting with Stalin, he returned to Italy and practiced what was known as the "turning point of Salerno" in which the Communist Party, preferring to state the reason for the deposition of the monarchy, sanctioned its entry into the government. The entrance of the Communist Party in the government formed by Badoglio Bonomi and reformist socialist had to be read, with the intention of Togliatti, as an attempt to force credit as founder and head of the Italian democracy. The insurgency in the north, rapidly approaching in which the Communist Party, for its organization, said a leading role, would do the rest. For this reason
25 April 1945 was celebrated the liberation of Italy without the motions, controlled by the Communist Party, given rise to an attempted revolution.
The strategy pursued was that of "progressive democracy", a logical continuation of the "new-style democracy," based on the idea that participation in government and politics of the masses would not only eliminate any "residue" of Fascism, to enter the company substantial elements of socialism. To achieve this it was necessary that the Party was rebuilt on a different basis and become a "new party" [2] or a modern mass party with deep roots in the workplace and participating in society. The party thus began a steady growth both in terms of data organization, which is now widely developed in all Italian cities, which in terms of number of subscribers, rose from 500,000 in 1944 to 1,700,000 in 1945, which led to become the largest and most important Communist party in Western Europe.
[1] See Spriano op. cit.
[2] See in Togliatti "Party New "and" What is the New Party, "Rebirth of essays taken from Oct.-Nov.-Dec. 1944.
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